While CIO unions were committed to organizing all workers, regardless of race, ethnicity or gender, and had a relatively good record on civil rights, most AFL craft unions engaged in a variety of discriminatory practices. Consequently, although the expanded job market resulting from the wartime industrial boom in Los Angeles created openings for Black workers in both the aircraft and shipbuilding industries, they often found themselves either excluded from unions, or assigned to Jim Crow locals. Workers at Lockheed Aircraft and at the San Pedro shipyards, together with community organizations like the Negro Victory Committee initiated campaigns to end the discrimination they experienced in the International Association of Machinists (IAM), or the outright segregation in the Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Shipbuilders, and Helpers of America (Boilermakers Union). Although their strategies differed, both battles were ultimately won. However, new ones had to be waged after the war against the International Longshormen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), when Black workers lost their jobs. The highly focused interviews with the five narrators in this series cover different aspects of the fight to desegregate unions during WWII. Walter Williams and Spencer Wiley both were involved in the struggle to abolish the Jim Crow local in the Boilermakers Union, while Herbert Ward fought the exclusionary clause in the IAM. Clayton Russell, a leading pastor and civil rights activist in the Black community and founder of the Negro Victory Committee, provided support for the two struggles, as well as organized against employment discrimination of Black women. All four of these men remained civil rights and labor activists. The short interview with Ben Margolis, a leading radical lawyer in Los Angeles, provides insights into the lawsuit against the Boilermakers that he handled. The interview with Russell and one of the interviews with Ward were conducted as part of the Rosie the Riveter Revisited project, while the remainder were conducted by a student conducting a research project on the desegregation of the unions.